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Raymond Nonnatus, O. de M. ((カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:Sant Ramon Nonat), (スペイン語:San Ramón Nonato), (フランス語:Saint Raymond Nonnat), ( マルタ語:San Rajmondo Nonnato)), (1204 – 31 August 1240) is a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His nickname ((ラテン語:Nonnatus), "not born") refers to his birth by Caesarean section, his mother having died while giving birth to him. Raymond is the patron saint of childbirth, midwives, children, pregnant women, and priests defending the confidentiality of confession. ==Life== According to the traditions of the Mercedarian Order, he was born in the village of Portell (today part of Sant Ramon), in the Diocese of Urgell. He was taken from the womb of his mother after her death, hence his name.〔 Some traditions describe him as the son of the local Count, who is traditionally credited as the one to have performed the surgery which saved his life, others that he was born in a family of shepherds. His well-educated father planned a career for his son at the royal court of the Kingdom of Aragon. When the boy felt drawn to religious life, his father ordered him to manage one of the family farms. What is known is that Raymond spent his childhood tending sheep and would often pray at an ancient country chapel nearby dedicated to St. Nicholas. If he was of aristocratic descent, clearly his father eventually abandoned hopes for his son's social advancement. His father later gave him permission to take the habit with the Mercedarians at Barcelona.〔 The order was founded to ransom Christian captives from the Moors of North Africa. Raymond was trained by the founder of that Order himself, St. Peter Nolasco.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy )〕 He was ordained a priest in 1222 and later became Master General of the Order. Raymond then set out to fulfill the goals of Order. He went to Valencia, where he ransomed 140 Christians from slavery. He then traveled to North Africa, where he was able to ransom another 250 captives in Algiers, and then went to Tunis, where he is said to have surrendered himself as a hostage for 28 captive Christians when his money ran out, in keeping with a special fourth vow taken by the members of the Order. He suffered in captivity as a legend states that the Moors bored a hole through his lips with a hot iron, and padlocked his mouth to prevent him from preaching. He was ransomed by his Order and returned to Spain in 1239.〔 Raymond died at the Castle of Cardona, sixty miles from Barcelona, either on August 26〔C. Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica'', vol. I, p. 6〕 or on August 31, 1240.〔"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year, edited by Rev. Hugo Hoever, S.O.Cist., Ph.D., New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., June 1, 1955, p. 344〕 According to tradition, the local count, the friars and the town all claimed his body. To resolve this dispute, the body was placed on a blind mule, which was let loose. Unguided, it went to the nearby country chapel where he had prayed in his youth. It was there that he was buried.〔 Many miracles were attributed to him before and after his death. In the historiography and hagiography from 16th century it is repeatedly claimed that upon his return to Spain in 1239, Pope Gregory IX nominated him Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio,〔Cf. Eubel, p. 6〕 and that he died en route to Rome.〔"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year, p. 344〕 Consequently, he is traditionally depicted as wearing the scarlet red mozzetta of a cardinal. However, Italian historian Agostino Paravicini Bagliani has established that this accounts resulted from a confusion of Raymond Nonnatus with Englishman Robert Somercote, the Cardinal Deacon of S. Eustachio 1238-1241, and has concluded that Raymond was never a cardinal.〔Paravicini Bagliani A., ''Cardinali di Curia e "familae" cardinalizia dal 1227 al 1254'', Padova 1972, pt. II, p. 534-535〕 Raymond was canonized by Pope Alexander VII in 1657. His feast day is celebrated on August 31.〔"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raymond Nonnatus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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